After endless searches I learned that messages are held in quarantine. I contacted a recipient and they confirmed and released those messages. They will contact their IT/admin to whitelist the sending domain.
You can learn more about quarantined messages here: Find and release quarantined...
The problem is on the recipient's side, not with Plesk. We are having a similar issue sending to Outlook 365 users. We get a response that messages have been received and queued, but recipients do not receive:
_accepted_message./Remote_host_said:_250_2.6.0 - this indicates received and queued...