Looks like you might be entering a malformed path to your script with the "Run a PHP script" option selected, and that causes the error you're seeing. The path should not start with "php /var/www/...", the "php" part is redundant in this case.
In short, go to the subscription in question and choose the "Scheduled Tasks" icon to set up a user level cron job.
Choose the "Run a PHP script" option.
On the "Script path" line, next to the first form entry field, there should be a folder icon. Use it to choose the path to your script (there must be no "php" in front of the path!). Enter "mautic:segments:update" in the "with arguments" field.
You might also see a "Use PHP version" dropdown and if you do, choose the desired PHP version. If you don't see the "Use PHP version" dropdown, then the user con job will automatically use the PHP version that is selected for the subscription.
Another option you have is to use the system cron instead of the user level cron.
Although, looking at the path of your script, I'd strongly advise you to set up the cron job under the subscription the xpmmn.com belongs to, as instructed above.
But if you do wish to set up a system cron job, start by going to "Tools & Settings" -> "Scheduled Tasks". With the "Run a PHP script" option selected, a new dropdown "Use PHP version" should appear here and you'll be able to select a different PHP version, as long as more PHP versions are installed through Plesk.
Under "Script path" enter only "/var/www/vhosts/xpmmn.com.br/httpdocs/crm/app/console" (without "php" in front of the path) and under "with arguments" enter "mautic:segments:update".
Should the above still be insufficient to solve your issue, report back and we'll try a few other things first. In any case, I advise you not to try updating the CentOS PHP.